A Brief History of the Invention of Plastics

Analysis of Newspaper Article-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelpc.com

Break down Newspaper Article of your Choice. The article that has been decided for examination depends on the â€Å"Tillerson sacking† choice that has been taken by Trump. The excusal of Rex Tillerson from the post of the Secretary of the State was a choice that was taken by Donald Trump with an expect to decrease the divisions of the US organization identified with the key issues of international strategy. The contention on which the whole examination of the article will be based is â€Å"whether the moves made by Donald Trump had the option to decrease the divisions identified with the choices made about the key remote issues† (Hammond, 2018). I don't concur with the â€Å"America First† development that had been taken by Trump when he moved into the White House just because. The President of America essentially attempted to build up its arrangements identified with the international strategies of the nation. Trump has flopped in the endeavors that were attempted by him throughout the years (Acharya, 2014). Notwithstanding, I concur that Trump has made numerous strides in regards to the movements to be produced using the universal strategies for overseeing the nation by the Republican and the Democratic presidents previously. He has caused numerous collusions so as to grow the just request of the nation that is liberal in nature. The President has pulled back the US coalition with numerous significant bargains like the Trans-Pacific and the Asia-Pacific Partnership. The nation has additionally pulled back from the environmental change related arrangement that is marked by more prominent than 170 nations. The over two arrangements were made under President Obama and Trump reclaimed the key activities that were taken by the past government. The atomic understandings that were made by the nation with Iran are additionally under genuine peril after the different choices taken by President Trump (Aradau and Huysmans, 2014). I can't help contradicting the destroying of strategies that have been embraced by the US government during the most recent year. The President has been in the situation for longer than a year at this point and still he has not had the option to convey the guarantees that were made by him with respect to the adjustments in the international strategies of the nation. The President has not had the option to get any advancements the strategies and the global bargains made by the nation during the most recent year (Temby, 2015). I concur with the surveys that were made by the examination firm named Gallup in regards to the most noticeably terrible picture of the administration of the United States of America that has been framed in the most recent year. The initiative of the nation under Trump was seen as more fragile when contrasted with 134 different nations on the planet. The New York Times has revealed that the president was absolutely incapable to convey agreeing the tremendous guarantees that were made by him during the most recent year. The endorsement of the US administration was seen as the most minimal of about 30% under the administration of Trump (Baylis, Smith and Owens, 2017). I concur with the survey that was attempted by the association named Pew Global which in the previous year which portrayed that more than a large number of the residents of USA were not content with the administration of Trump. The arrangements identified with worldwide issues that were made by Trump were additionally not acceptable for the individuals of his nation. The survey additionally delineated that the help that was picked up by Trump was much lesser than the help which was gotten by George W. Hedge after the significant contention that had happened in the nation identified with Iraq (Fierke and Jorgensen, 2015). I concur with the progression that was taken by Trump in regards to the excusal of Tillerson from the situation of Secretary of State and further arrangement of Pompeo similarly situated. As has been examined in the article this can be an appropriate advance for the improvement of the nation and expanding the congruity between the United States of America and different nations. The explanation being that the approaches identified with an unnatural weather change might be shaped in a superior manner by Pompeo when contrasted with those framed by Tillerson (Hammond, 2018). Nonetheless, the adjustment in the Secretary of State might not effectsly affect the international strategies that will be detailed by the US government later on. The idea of the President in regards to the ways by which he manages the authorities of the administration can at present lead to issues identified with the plan of approaches. I concur that the ways by which Trump plays out his obligations may prompt numerous issues among him and the authorities of the legislature. The international strategy of USA has been the most influenced by the choices that have been taken by Trump during the time of his residency. The excusal of Tillerson and the arrangement of Pompeo in the situation of Secretary of State can help in the improving the situation of USA in the style of authority that is followed (Holmes and Traven, 2015). I concur with the reality the overseeing style of Trump portrays that absence of experience and the absence of information viewing the worldwide issues too. This has additionally prompted an impromptu procedure of overseeing the nation by the President. I can't help contradicting the way that the choice that was taken by Trump in regards to the difference in the Secretary of State was totally off-base. The quantity of contentions among Tillerson and President Trump has been high and they had distinction in feelings much of the time. The arrangement of Pompeo can additionally help the administration in making changes in the international strategies and making upgrades in the global undertakings of the nation (Kelley and Simmons, 2015). The investigation can be finished up by expressing that the means embraced by Trump to build up the international strategies of the nation were not effective at first. In any case, the arrangement of Pompeo in the situation of the Secretary of State can be an immense advance towards the improvement of the nation and the improvement of the global relations. The significant purpose for offering this expression is that the less information on the President in regards to global undertakings can be supplemented by the immense information base of Pompeo. Acharya, A. (2014). Worldwide International Relations (IR) and Regional WorldsA New Agenda for International Studies. International Studies Quarterly,â 58(4), 647-659. Aradau, C., and Huysmans, J. (2014). Basic strategies in International Relations: The legislative issues of procedures, gadgets and acts. European Journal of International Relations,â 20(3), 596-619. Baylis, J., Smith, S., and Owens, P. (Eds.). (2017). The globalization of world legislative issues: a prologue to worldwide relations. Oxford University Press. Fierke, K. M., and Jorgensen, K. E. (2015). Constructing International Relations: the people to come. Routledge. Hammond, A. (2018). Tillerson sacking won't converse Trump’s outside failures. The Age. Recovered 14 March 2018, from https://www.theage.com.au/world/north-america/tillerson-sacking-will-not-opposite trump-s-outside disappointments 20180314-p4z4at.html Holmes, M., and Traven, D. (2015). Acting normally without truly thinking: The rationale of balanced intuitionism for International Relations theory. International Studies Review,â 17(3), 414-440. Kelley, J. G., and Simmons, B. A. (2015). Governmental issues by number: Indicators as social weight in global relations. American diary of political science,â 59(1), 55-70. Temby, O. (2015). What are levels of examination and what do they add to global relations theory?. Cambridge Review of International Affairs,â 28(4), 721-742

Productivity Tools for Entrepreneurs

Productivity Tools for Entrepreneurs There aren’t enough hours in the day to get everything done. Yet, so many successful entrepreneurs do just that. They start a business, run a house, and keep up with social commitments. What’s the secret?The secret lies in our productivity.Thankfully, most of us no longer have manual work to do. Construction, agriculture, and so many other industries require that you move as fast as possible to improve productivity. Think of a line worker at a factory, doing the same task day in and day out. Their productivity is dependent on how fast, and how efficiently, they move.People with desk jobs don’t have to worry about this as much. Our work might have a very different measure of productivity â€" based on how many tasks we get done off our to-do list, how many pages we read or write, or how much money we make per hour.The concept of work smarter, not harder, thus applies to most people who work at a desk. 9-5 is no longer the name of the game. If you can get your work done in four ho urs a day, kudos to you. That is the key takeaway from “work smarter, not harder”.What makes it possible? The right tools. © Shutterstock.com | Max GriboedovWe don’t need to spend long hours typing out thoughts. We can dictate them, outsource the transcription, and have someone do the writing for us. We can use email tools that make it easier to move emails to to-do lists. We can communicate with the entire team through one platform, instead of sending individual emails and then compiling everyone’s thoughts.All these tools help us get our work done faster. They make us more productive. We’ve put together a collection of tools that can boost productivity, and it’s up to you to decide which ones work for you. We will look at tools for 1) project/team management, 2) social media management, 3) time management, 4) file storage, 5) reminders calendars, and 6) email management.   We also give a special nod to 7) an over-arching tool that can help across all these categories.PROJECT TEAM MANAGEMENTThe larger the team, the tougher it is to keep track of emails, thoughts and replies to question. There are too many emails, going back and forth, often losing focus till people have forgotten why the email was sent in the first place. Going back and forth over things on email often also results in people being missed out on in replies, resulting in a lack of communication. Finally, there is no simple way to archive all the conversations in one place, for future reference.Thankfully, there are some amazing tools that can help you centralize all information. No longer will you be going through 20 emails to figure out what John had to say about the new newsletter template.Basecamp © BasecampBasecamp is a web-based, project management tool. Features include to-do lists, text documents, milestone creation, time tracking, file sharing and messaging. It is best for large teams that are working on a project together and want to reduce the back and forth between different software/tools and email.All customers start out with a 60-day free trial. After that, prices range from $20 a month to $3000 a year, depending on the number of projects you need to manage. Basecamp works on Safari, Chrome, Firefox and IE 9+. There are also apps available on the Apple Store and Google Play Store.Trello © TrelloTrello uses kanban, a method that uses cards and boards to represent tasks and projects. Teams can easily move cards around, create lists for cards, and leaves comments or add documents to individual cards. It is best for teams that need to keep track of tasks in a project and want to visually see ideas being implemented. Trello makes it very easy to leave comments for users, assign tasks, and view deadlines on a calendar within the platform.Trello is free to use, and maintains that all main features will remain free to use forever. They have a Trello Business Class level, which charges $5 per user per month ($45 per year per user), as well as Trello Gold (same costs) which can also be attained by inviting new people to use Trello. Trello works on Chrome, Safari, Firefox and IE 10. There are also apps for iOS, Android and Kindle Fire HD.Asana © Wikimedia commons | AsanaAsana is a web platform that aims to cut email communication within teams. Each team gets a workspace, each workspace has projects, and within those projects you have tasks. Tasks can be assigned to people, have deadlines and users can easily attach documents and leave comments. It is best for very large teams or companies that want to cut down on the email flowing back and forth between people. There is a learning curve associated with using Asana.Asana starts at $50 per month for 15 users. Asana has a web-based platform as well as an iOS app.SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGEMENTWith the increased dependence on social media for staying in touch, networking and marketing businesses, it is starting to take over the entire day. Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn are just some of the major platforms. It is has become very important that entrepreneurs be able to automate their day as far as social media is concerned so they can handle the flow of information, easily track metrics and stop having to spend hours updating each account manually. All these issues are eating away at productivity, yet can be handled by using one of these social media management tools.Hootsuite © Flickr | Yoel Ben-AvrahamHootsuite is a social media dashboard that allows you to monitor streams across various social networks. For example, if you’re monitoring Twitter, you can add a stream for your home page, one for mentions, one for DMs, another for lists, and also streams across search parameters. All of this can take place on the same screen. It is best for an agency or team that needs to manage multiple social media accounts across social networks, and wants to be able to track analytics. You can also schedule updates in advance. There is a learning curve associated with Hootsuite.The basic platform is free to use but only includes three social media profiles. The business account, with a 30 day free trial, has 50 included, but can go up to 100 and is $8.99 per month. There is also an Enterprise level but pricing information is not available on the website. Hootsuite can be used in the browser, or via the iOS or Android app. There is also an extension available for Chr ome.Buffer © bufferapp.comBuffer is a social media posting tool that allows you to both buffer your updates over a period of time (for instance, over the course of a week) without having to be on the social network daily, and keeps track of analytics for each post (number of clicks, replies, impressions etc). It is best for people that love analytics and want to be able to keep track of how much traction each update gets. It is also recommended for people who don’t want to log in every day to schedule tweets or Facebook posts, as Buffer allows you to schedule up to 200 updates in your queue.A free plan allows you to connect one profile for each social network and queue 10 posts each, but the Awesome plans (at $10 per month) allows you to connect up to 12 profiles and queue 200 posts. You can also add a team member, connect RSS feeds and much more. Buffer is available via web app and iOS/Android apps. Most websites/apps that allow social sharing have the Buffer option available, so you can ea sily add tweets/updates to your Buffer queue directly from the article/page you want to share.TIME MANAGEMENTHow many times have you looked at the clock and realized that half the day has passed you by without getting anything important done. Bad time management can severely impact productivity. Time management issues are often caused by not knowing how to prioritize the day and not being able to focus enough. These apps can help you reclaim your day.Rescue Time © RescueTimeWhere does your time go? With Rescue Time, you can now keep track of what you were doing on your laptop or computer. It tracks your computer and Internet usage and gives you weekly reports, a dashboard to view your day on, and allows you to set goals. It is best for people who want to know what they spend time on. You can keep track of time spent on social media sites and email, to help you narrow down on where your time management issues lie.Basic features are free to use, but you can upgrade at $9 per month and block distracting websites, track time spent away from computer, get more detailed reports etc. Rescue Time works on Mac, PC, Linux and Android supported devices.Focus Booster © FocusBoosterFocus Booster uses the Pomodoro technique to help you track time, take breaks and much more. The pomodoro method keeps you focused for X amount of time (usually 25 minutes) followed by a 5 minutes break. You can track each session, and file it under client accounts, so you can keep track of how much time is spent on each project. It is best for people who struggle to stay focused while working, and want to track timesheets.Cost: The basic desktop and online timers are free to use, but at AUD2.99 per month you can access all the features and get unlimited data retention. You can use Focus Booster on your desktop via the web app, or download the software to your desktop.FILE STORAGENo longer are you limited to using USB sticks or email to get files from one person to the next. With cloud storage becoming a popular solution for most companies, you should now be looking at storing all work related materials in a way that anyone in the organization (with access) can access the files without too much hassle. This will save time as you won’t be uploading the file to your email for the nth times, be able to access files on the laptop, iPad or phone, and be able to share a simple link if you want to allow someone else to read it.Dropbox © Wikimedia commons | Dropbox, Inc.Dropbox allows you to store files, images or videos in the cloud. You sign up for an account, and can access the files from your phone, tablet or computer. You can share files or folders as well. It is the go-to solution for cloud based storage, allowing you to sync across devices easily. Keep backups of your phone, work files or pictures and never worry again. It is a great solution if you constantly have to share documents with team members.Dropbox for Business is $15 per user per month. Dropbox is available via the web platform, desktop, and on iOS and Android.Google Drive © Wikimedia commons | GoogleGoogle Drive is Google’s solution to cloud storage. Everyone with a Google account has a Google Drive account as well. Just like Dropbox, you can store and share files and folders in the cloud. Google Drive also integrates with Gmail and Google Apps. Just like Dropbox, Google Drive is perfect for teams that need to collaborate on documents and files.You get 15 GB of free storage to start off with, but starting at $1.99 per month you can get another 100 GB. Google Apps users that are paying for the service pay slightly different rates under the Business plans. You can access Google Drive via desktop or laptop, and on your iOS and Android devices.REMINDERS CALENDARSSo many of us rely on paper lists to get our daily work done, but it’s not the most efficient way of organizing your day. Paper lists have to be transferred to calendars if deadlines are attached, and can also easily get lost. Here are some apps that turn the simple to-do list into a lot mor e.Cal Any.Do © AnyDoCalCal and Any.do are actually two different apps. Any.do is the list-making app, which allows you to set deadlines, add sub-tasks and keep track of things you need to get done on any day. Cal is the companion calendar app which syncs with Any.do to add your date-defined tasks to your calendar automatically. The combo is best for people that want to use a to-do list to prioritize tasks, but don’t want to have to manually sync with a calendar service.Both apps are free to use. Cal is available for Android and iOS, as is Any.do, Any.do also integrates into Gmail, and has a Chrome extension and web-app.Wunderlist © Flickr | Gustavo da Cunha PimentaWunderlist is a list-making app that lets you create and share lists with other people. You can access public lists, leave comments on tasks, or sync across devices. It is a great option for people who need to create collaborative to-do lists.Wunderlist is free to use, but Wunderlist Pro starts at $4.99 per month with unlimited sub-tasks and files. Wunderlist for Business starts at $4.99 per month per user and has even more features. You can download Wunderlist for your computer (Mac and Windows), or download apps for iOS, Android and Kindle Fire.EMAIL MANAGEMENTMost of us struggle with our inboxes on a daily basis. Too many emails coming in; and not enough time to go through all of them. Many of us use our inbox as a to-do list, but end up monitoring the inbox all day and waste time answering unimportant emails as a result. Here are a few apps that allow you to take control of your inbox.Boxer © BoxerBoxer is an email management app that allows you to regain control over your inbox. Using swipe gestures, you can move emails to Evernote, archives, trash or lists (among other options). This allows you to move through your inbox quickly, highlighting the important tasks that must be address today and moving the remainder to tomorrow or later. Since Boxer supports more services than Mailbox, it is better for people looking to connect work accounts. It works for Exchange, Gmail, Yahoo, Aol, Outlook and iCloud accounts. Boxer also integrates with Sanebox, another email management app on this list.Boxer is free to use, but with basic features. You can buy the app for a one-time fee of $9.99. Boxer is available for iOS, Android, and Kindle Fire.Mailbox © MailboxSimilar to Boxer in many ways, Mailbox also uses swipe gestures and allows you to move email around. You can archive, delete, or snooze (the email comes back into the inbox at a later time) an email. The difference is that with time, Mailbox learns, so it will automatically start applying actions to emails based on your previous actions. Mailbox and Dropbox work together for seamless integration. It is best for people who use Gmail, Google Apps, or iCloud email (as those are the only ones supported).Mailbox is free and is available on iOS and Android devices but also recently launched an OSX version.SaneBox © SaneBoxSimilar to the previously mentioned Boxer and Mailbox, Sanebox reduces the volume of email you deal with daily by allowing you to move messages easily to “work on later” lists. It learns from your actions and moves less important emails to a SaneLater folder, which sends you a summary of emails in it. This allows you to focus on only the important emails. It is the best solution for people who get hundreds of emails a day, and want to get through them quickly, but are willing to pay the price.Sanebox is a lot more powerful as it supports almost every email provider and works on any device or operating system. There is a 14-day free trial, but the actual software/app is charged $7 per month for 1 email account, $12 per month for 2, and $36 per month for 4. The amount of attachments and other features also vary with the level you pay for.Hopefully this comprehensive list of productivity apps and software can help you get the most out of your day. As mentioned earlier, the y all offer different features and it might be necessary to play around with some of them to figure out which fit well into your daily requirements.

The Between Nazis And The German Jews - 1426 Words

Whether it is turning off one’s alarm and getting off of one’s bed, making breakfast, taking the bus to school, tying one’s shoes, or sitting down in the same room for the same class at the same time, all of these are examples of rituals in day-to-day life. Different people have different interpretations of what the word ‘ritual’ exactly means. A particular film, the likes of The Boy in the Striped Pajamas conveys many of these meanings; analyzing the characters in this story, more specifically the contrast between the Nazis and the German Jews, their personality can be sufficiently explained via Malory Nye’s theory regarding symbolism in ritual, Emile Durkheim’s idea of ritual as being a society-based action, Harvey Whitehouse’s thought about the relationship between ritual and memory, and Nye’s perception of ritual as being a means of attaining power. Pulling these theories together, the message in this film becomes, as commonly stated: what comes around goes around, and as such, regardless of another person’s belief, one should not discriminate against that person based on their beliefs and values. Throughout the film, it is the Jewish Germans who are dressed with the striped pyjamas in the movie of discussion. And with deliberate reason. As such, it is not surprising that Nye has developed a theory of ritual which he labels as being â€Å"a symbolist approach to religion and ritual† . Delving deeper, what Nye tries to argue is that â€Å"the importance and significance ofShow MoreRelatedPrior To The Onset Of The Incomparable Discouragement In1600 Words   |  7 Pages1929–1930, the National Communist German Specialists Gathering was a little gathering on the radical right of the German political range. In the Reichstag (parliament) races of May 2, 1928, the Nazis got just 2.6 percent of the national vote, a proportionate decrease from 1924, when the Nazis got 3 percent of the vote. The issue that concluded the start of World War 2 was Germany attacking and attempting to vanquish Poland on September first. the Nazi over the Jews in Nazi Germany are among the most exceedinglyRead MoreThe Main Goal Of The Nazis On The European Jews Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesThe main goal of the Nazis pertaining to the European Jews was that of total extermination. At the yearly party rally held in Nuremberg in 1935, the Nazis announced new laws which regulated a large number of the racial speculations common in Nazi philosophy. Two distinct laws passed in Nazi Germany in September 1935 are referred to on a whole as the Nuremberg Laws: the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Assurance of German Blood and German Honor. These laws epitomized large portions of theRead MoreHow The Re Education Problem Of Germany Much More Than Other Axis Countries Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesalliance with Germans. Since Jews were the exposure to violence by the Nazi practice or education, discussed later, the United Nations supported and assisted the Jews and considered the Germans as the murders. It is not known whether Hungary and Rumania were part of that nations or not, but they can claim that the Nazi doctrine was something strange to them and was forced on them by the fear of the foreign nation force. Germany, however, has no way of using this excuse to reject the Nazi, but they areRead MoreKristallnacht-The Night of Broken Glass1470 Words   |  6 PagesKristallnacht Kristallnacht was a Nazi pogrom (violent riot or mob attack) lasting less than 24 hours against the Jews that occurred in November, 1938 in Germany, Austria and Sudetenland. The German Chief of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, with Adolf Hitlers approval announced the beginning of this attack to punish the Jews and force them out of Germany.. The Germans blamed the Jewish people for an early end of WWI in1918 and the economic hardships that followed the war. From late in the eveningRead MoreWhy I Didn t Jews Leave Germany Sooner?949 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Why didn’t Jews leave Germany sooner?† â€Å"Why did they not resist their deportation to the death camps more forcefully?† – Questions of this nature have been asked continuously throughout the last five decades. Hindsight can give the impression that the encounter between Jews and the Third Reich during the Holocaust had to unfold as it eventually did, prompting the question of why Jews failed to see the proverbial writing on the wall. However, if historians have found it troubling to determine preciselyRead MoreThe Holocaust Was An Ultimate Abomination Of Nazi1484 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust was an ultimate abomination of Nazi racism that occurred between 1938 and 1945. The word Holocaust derived from the Greek word holokauston, which stands for a burnt sacrifice that is offered whole to God. The word was chosen for this occurrence because of the amount of dead bodies that were cremated in open fires by Nazis. The Holocaust was known for the mass murders of European Jews that took place during the Second World War. European Jews were the fundamental victims during the HolocaustRead MoreAdolf Hitler s Influence On His Life1750 Words   |  7 Pagesagain. With no ambition and no money he began to spend his life on the streets. During this time, he saw rich successful Jews walking by him while lived as a beggar. He felt ashamed that Germans were poor and unsuccessf ul while foreigners such as the Jews were living happily. At this time, he slowly started to dislike the Jews. He even blamed the death of his mother on the Jews because it was a Jewish doctor that tried to cure her. On 3rd August 1914 he enrolled as a soldier for World War 1. AfterRead MoreEssay on Causes of the Holocaust980 Words   |  4 Pagessome of which were long term and others short term. The main reasons are; for centuries Germany had been an anti-Semitic country Jews were used as scapegoats for German problems. Also centuries of Nazi persecution caused the Holocaust in particular 1933 -1939 as well as Adolf Hitler and his racist views which influenced thousands of Germans. The Main reason for the holocaust happening was that Germany had been anti-Semitic for many centuries, and during those centuriesRead MoreThe Nazi Anti-Jewish Policy1115 Words   |  4 PagesMany Germans could accept the fact that their country’s defeat in WWI whereas they argued that â€Å"backstabbing† of the Jews and the weaknesses from the beginning caused the front to collapse. They claimed that the Jews caused the spread of defeatism hence destroying the German army. The Germans argued that the Weimar Republic’s democracy was a government that had been constrain on Germany and not suited for the German way of life. They obeyed the Treaty of Versailles and paid reparations as revengeRead MoreJudenrat Flaws1612 Words   |  7 PagesJudenrat’s Mistake During the holocaust,  Jews were losing their jobs,  rights,  and property.  In 1933,  the Nazi leaders began assigning Jews to handle situations to help the jews in the Ghettos,  these Jews were known as the Judenrat.  The Judenrate weren’t Jewish volunteers,  they were assigned and given tasks to perform: â€Å"Composed of 24 male jews †¦ prescribed as 1) executing German orders,  2) taking an improvised census of the Jew in their area,  3) executing the Jew from rural to urban locations,  4) furnishing

How Does Shakespeare Use the Witches in Macbeth to Create...

How does Shakespeare use the witches to create mood and effect on an audience? Macbeth was set around 1040s, during this era, Elizabethan and Jacobean times, the traditional theory of witches was widely accepted; and anyone who questioned it was believed to be a witch themselves; if there was suspicion of a person being a witch, prosecution was most likely made. The play â€Å"Macbeth† is a tragedy, because of Macbeth; the hero aspect in the play is brought to ruin. Although he is not an idealistic hero, he’s the main character and suffers great loss, even death; the witches had caused him to bring it upon himself, by misleading his blind ambition. Throughout the 1040s, people were led to believe, because of religion and traditional that†¦show more content†¦Macbeth’s re-evaluation had angered Lady Macbeth, she would accept him no less but king. She then questions his manliness, in a hope to challenge him to do it; daring him to prove himself a man; â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man† she says â€Å"were a man† in the past tense, to say he isn’t anymore, unless he kills the king. She tries to make Macbeth feel guilty, by saying she would of done it for him; â€Å"Have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums, and dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this.† She challenges his loyalty to her, comparing his false promises to what she would do for him. Macbeth goes back to see the witches, because he is worried about the consequences and guilt of killing the King and Banquo. â€Å"You untie the winds and let them fight against the churches†; he inquires about what is happening to the world, and him, because he is scared of it. Shakespeare uses the witches to reassure Macbeth that there is nothing to worry about; â€Å"the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth† this leads him to believe he is invincible, he trusts them as a result of all the other prophecies told becoming true, this puts him at ease. Another prophecy the witch’s apparition, which they had conjured up, says Macbeth will only be harmed when something supposedlyShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by Shakespeare and the Cinematic Interpretation by Roman Polanski1556 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth by Shakespeare and the Cinematic Interpretation by Roman Polanski Macbeth is one of the great plays written by William Shakespeare in the sixteenth century ,over three and a half centuries ago .It is known all over the world and is still very popular even to this very day.It is the basis of many movies and theatrical plays .One film interpretation was made by Roman Polanski in 1971,centuries after it was first performed in Elizabethan sixteenth century England Read MoreThe Classification Of Water Imagery Present Throughout Shakespeare s Macbeth Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare is renowned for his vividly descriptive, original, and pioneering use of imagery in many of his plays, but their effect on the audience’s understanding of his plays is most obvious in the tragedies, particularly in Macbeth. Images in Shakespeare’s works are used, according to Shakespeare critic G. Wilson Knight, to craft a play’s â€Å"atmosphere† or the permeating tone or mood of a play (3). However, this attitude between images and atmosphere creates an environment where different definitionsRead MoreAnalytical Essay of Macbeth1402 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare uses vivid and powerful forms of imagery to let the audience visualize the setting. Lady Macbeth is portrayed as a strong woman who is attracted to power and would do anything to be in control; she is anything but an elegant and sensitive woman. After the bloodshed begins, however, Lady Macbeth falls an easy prey  to insanity and guilt. Her soliloquy (5.1.24-30)  shows her decline  into madness when she says,â€Å"out damned spot...† There are many examples of visual and aural imagery throughoutRead MoreAnalytical Essay of Macbeth1402 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare uses vivid and powerful forms of imagery to let the audience visualize the setting. Lady Macbeth is portrayed as a strong woman who is attracted to power and would do anything to be in control; she is anything but an elegant and sensitive woman. After the bloodshed begins, however, Lady Macbeth falls an easy prey  to insanity and guilt. Her soliloquy (5.1.24-30)  shows her decline  into madness when she says,â€Å"out damned spot...† There are many examples of visual and aural imagery throughoutRead MoreThe Supernatural In Macbeth1858 Words   |  8 Pages In the play Macbeth by WIlliam Shakespeare, the supernatural is an ever present force, seen in the witches, the ghost of banquo, and maybe some other places. The way Shakespeare portrays the supernatural, and especially the witches, add a great deal s to the play, and also contribute in key ways to the themes, structure, tone. Mood, and literary devices in ways that are designed to affect the audience of the play. The most important contribution in my opinion, was that they made the play scaryRead MoreShakespeares Dramatic Effect in Act II Scene 2 of Macbeth Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Dramatic Effect in Act II Scene 2 of Macbeth Shakespeares Macbeth was written some time between 1603 and 1606 and was his eighth tragedy in as many years, and has proved to be one of his most renowned plays of all time. It is a tragic tale of betrayal, malevolence and mystery, where a heroic soldier by the name of Macbeth becomes enwrapped in witchcraft and begins to believe the words of Hecate (the witches god). He starts a spate of murders initiallyRead More The Supernatural in Macbeth Essay3374 Words   |  14 PagesThe Supernatural in Macbeth       More than a few elements of the supernatural can be discovered within the action and dialogue of Shakespeares plays.   However, the extent and nature of those elements differs to a large degree.   There are traces of it to be found in Henry V, Pardon, gentles all,/The flat unraised spirit that hath dard...to bring forth/So great and object (Lucy   1).  Ã‚   There are also elements of it apparent in Winters Tale, What I did not well I meant well (Lucy  Read MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth s Macbeth 1250 Words   |  5 PagesDeemed Shakespeare’s shortest and most bloody tragedy, Macbeth is the tale of a valiant Scottish general whose unchecked ambition elicited his transformation into an immoral and tyrannical ruler. The story follows Macbeth’s encounter with the three Weird Sisters whose ambivalent â€Å"prophecies† prompted him to murder King Duncan and ultimately triggered his moral decline. Most prominent in the play is the theme of equivocation and a pervasive feeling of uncertainty is felt throughout the entirety ofRead MoreWitches Role in Macbeth2482 Words   |  10 PagesMost people in Shakespeare time believed in the powers of witches, and witchcraft became the object of morbid and fevered fascination. Between 1560 and 1605 hundreds of people (mainly women) were convicted as witches and executed. Witches were credited with diabolical powers. They could predict the future, bring on night in daytime, cause fogs and tempests and kill animals. They cursed animals with fatal wasting disease and could raise evil spirits by concocting a horrible brew with nauseating ingredientsRead MoreThe Supernatural In Macbeth Essay1944 Words   |  8 PagesThe Supernatural and its’ affect in the play Macbeth The supernatural has always fascinated and continues to intrigue mankind. In many of Shakespeare’s plays, he uses the supernatural to strengthen a particular scene or to influence the impression the audience has about someone or something. This was not strange or uncommon in Shakespeare’s time. In fact, during the 1500s, many people still believed in witches and witchcraft. Even in today’s society, with such advanced science and technology, many

Cb Prepartions Free Essays

string(319) " and that support arguments are critical if persuasive messages are to have a chance of acceptance \* high-NFC would be expected to engage in a wide range of media consumption activities, and would not necessarily be expected to differentiate between sources of information, such as news, advertising or entertainment\." Exam: 3hours, 19/50 =15. 2/40 (-31) Section A: MCQ (20m) Section B: Choose 2 from 3 Questions (15m each) 1. Describe the type of promotional message that would be most suitable for each of the following personality market segments: (a) highly dogmatic consumers, (b) inner-directed consumers, (c) consumers with high optimum stimulation levels, (d) consumers with a high need for cognition, and (e) consumers who are visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers. We will write a custom essay sample on Cb Prepartions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Give an example of a promotional message for each segment. Social character traits have shown that inner and other-directed consumers may have different preferences in terms of promotional messages. Inner-directed people prefer advertisements that stress personal benefits while other-directed people seem to prefer advertisements that feature social acceptance. (a) HIGHLY DOGMATIC CUSTOMERS: It is a personality trait that measures the degree of rigidity (versus openness) that individuals display towards unfamiliar and towards information that is contrary to their own established beliefs. Dogmatism: general tendency to be open or closed to new ideas and innovations. A person who is high in dogmatism approaches the unfamiliar defensively while the person who is low in dogmatism will rarely consider unfamiliar or opposing beliefs. * more receptive is Ads for new products or services that contains an appeal from the authoritative figure. Marketer uses celebrities and experts to their new product advertising for making it easier for the potentially reluctant customers. * Highly dogmatic consumers are likely to respond favorably to a new product when the advertising message is presented in an authoritarian manner (e. g. celebrity endorsement or expert testimonials). * prefer traditional or established products rather than innovative ones. close minded towards unfamiliar and untoward information that is contrary to their own established beliefs * approach such information with considerable discomfort and uncertainty. promotional message most suitable would be endorsement or appeal from an authoritative figure. * New products need to be presented in an authoritative manner and that celebrities could be employed to reach dogmatic consumers who are more closed minded. For example: Colgate Dental Cream with Doctors and Experts endorsements. Anti-Polio Campaign featuring Amitabh and Sachin Tendulkar also useAuthoritative statements. The Cadbury’s brand took a beatng in sales after the worms were found in somepackets. Dogmatic Consumers stopped purchasing the Brand. Amitabh Bacchhanwas then used as Authority figure to reestablish Brand. b) Inner-directed consumers * tend to use their own values and standards in evaluating a new product * ads aimed at them should depict the attainment of personal achievement and satisfaction. ads that stress product features and benefits, which enable them to usetheir own values and standards in evaluating products * rely on their own inner values or standards in evaluating new products and are likely to be the consumer innovators. * other directed customers tend to look to others for guidance a s to what is appropriate or what is inappropriate. * be prefer ads that stress product features and personal benefits ( enabling them to use their own values and standards in evaluating products whereas the other * For example: Surf Ad showing Shabana Azmi saving two buckets of water is an example of the same. The latest from Surf Excel is currently running on television. This is the ad where many people are seen walking with two buckets full of water. They then pour it into a large reservoir. At this point none other than Shabana Azmi informs you what a great thing thissaving of water is for the country and implores you to use Surf Excel. * manufacturer of cameras who advertises to inner-directed consumers should stress the ability to take better pictures and the resulting personal satisfaction. c) Consumers with a high optimum stimulation level * more open to risk-taking, more likely to be innovative have a greater willingness to take risks, try products with many novel features, and shop in new retail outlets. * likely to respond favorably to promotional messages stressing more rather than less risk, novelty,or excitement. * to seek purchase related information and to accept new retail facilities. * For example: The exciting and exotic Vacation Campaign of Malasia-Truly Asia is position ing of  Airways to sell the Asian Adventures. These enjoy thinking. They are responsive to that part of Ad that is rich in Information. The TATA-AIG Life insurance Ad showing Naseeruddin Shah giving informationthough QA will click for them. benefit of new product offering should not only consider functional features but also the risk, novelty and variety that the product offers. * place different promotional emphasis on particular age segments, as it may be worthwhile to reduce perceived risk for a market segment comprised primarily of older people, while it may not warrant it for a younger market segment. d) Consumers with a high need for cognition * ones who often crave or enjoy thinking. * responsive to ads that are rich in product-related information or description and are unresponsive to the auxiliary or contextual aspects of an advertisement. Need for cognition: stable individual difference in tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activity. Individuals high in need for cognition enjoy thinking abstractly. * high-NFC individuals are likely to express more favorable ad attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intention. * more likely to use message content as a basis for judgments * high NFC leads to the generation of inferences about omitted conclusions ), to less memory decay and greater resistance to counterarguments about products), and to longer processing and superior recall for brands and claims individuals who are high in need for cognition would be expected to be critical thinkers, and to not necessarily accept arguments found in media or elsewhere on face value. * should be more difficult to persuade, a phenomenon that can be investigated several ways. * high-NFC individuals did so only when the signal was accompanied by a substantial price reduction. * process information presented in the media more thoroughly than those who do not enjoy thinking as much, able to retrieve from memory more information * individuals with higher NFC, who are assumed to process information more extensively, would be expected to generate more thoughts. counterarguing and source derogations are prevalent in advertising and that support arguments are critical if persuasive messages are to have a chance of acceptance * high-NFC would be expected to engage in a wide range of media consumption activities, and would not necessarily be expected to differentiate between sources of information, such as news, advertising or entertainment. You read "Cb Prepartions" in category "Essay examples" All would be stimulating. high NFC individuals are more likely to closely scrutinize the arguments contained in any message, campaign strategists must make sure that arguments are strong in order to cope with the higher resistance to messages by this group * appear to be the ones already predisposed to watch or listen to issue, image or financial advertising featuring long copy. The challenge for strategists thus is to enhance the already high motivat ion of high-NFC indivduals, by highlighting the relevance of messages, and to enhance the ability and opportunities to process such messages. Example: (e) consumers who are visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers. * Verbal aggressiveness: tendency to insult and attack others’ self-concepts to achieve one’s objectives in an argument. * Visualisers (i. e. , consumers who prefer visual information, products that stress the visual) * Morning Dew Ad where there is a race with a Cheetah is a visual treat * detailed descriptions and explanations in targeting verbalizers (i. e. , consumers who prefer written and verbal product information). ‘Do the Dew†Verbalizers prefer verbal dimensions to the promotional message. * The Oye Bubbly Jingle of Pepsi is a Verbal treat to the ear, though it conveys nothing much about the product. 2. A marketer of health foods is attempting to segment a certain market on the basis of consumer self-image. Describe the four type s of consumer self-image and discuss which segment would be most effective to target for health foods. In Self-concept theory personality is exemplified by the kinds of things with which people surround themselves. The self-concept has shown to be multi-dimensional and encompasses the way a person actually is, the way individuals see themselves, the way a person would like to be, and the way in which individuals think others perceive them. Theories of self-concept have generally focused on two areas in marketing research. In the one, self concept has been applied to the discrepancy between the self and the ideal self as a measure of personal dissatisfaction. In this instance, product use has been related to items that deal specifically with self enhancement. Consumers have four types of image. 1. Actual self image-how consumers in fact see themselves. In Everyday house hold products, they see themselves in Reality. For example,Washing powders Ads would be realistic. Nirma Powder focuses on Housewives ability to get more for less money. 2. Ideal self Image-how consumers would like to see themselves. In case of Fantasy Products, consumers desire to see themselves perfect, as in case of  Women, Fairness or looking Pretty is high on desire list. The fair and Lovely campaign for fairness cream sells this dream. . Social Self Image-how consumers feel others see them. Here there is an inherent fear factor also involved as to how they are being perceived by others. For example Products which position themselves on social front, showing appropriate behaviour at parties etc appeal here. 4. Ideal Social Self image-how consumers would like others to see them. For Example, Aashirwad ready to cook products and Sambhar Masala Product campaign show th e desire of Wives to be seen as a great cook by others. However, since they are working or busy, they do not have time to cook themselves. That is when the Brandcomes to rescue. And finally they are seen as Ideal Wives. There are two more categories of Self-image: Expected Self image-how consumers expect to see themselves at some specified futuretime. The ABKING PRO Ad for machine to slim down people hypes this expectation of  individuals that they will slim down and look good in Future. 5. expected self-image (e. g. , how consumers expect to see themselves at some specified future time) . ought-to self (e. g. , consists of traits or characteristics that an individual believes it is his or her duty or obligation to possess). Ought to self image-traits consumer thinks he ought to have. The Ashrwad readymeal Adis a hit for the wives feel that good cooking is a trait they ought to have. The expected self-image is somewhere between the actual and ideal self-images. It is somewhat like a future-oriented combination of â€Å"what is† ( the actual self-image) and what consumers would like â€Å"to be† (the ideal self-image). Moreover, because the expected self-image provides consumers with a realistic â€Å"opportunity† to change the â€Å"self,† it is likely to be more valuable to marketers than the actual or ideal self-image as a guide for designing and promoting products. In targeting consumers of health foods, the marketer can use the expected self-image to attract consumers who would like to enhance the quality of their lifestyles through better nutrition, and ideal social self-image to appeal to consumers who are likely to adopt health foods due to peer influence and pressure. Advertisers focus on components that make people feel better about themselves. Many decisions based on looking glass and ideal self–ie. Aspiring to group not yet reached–image appeal Psychographic info enhances demographic info– people individuals 3. How can Toshiba use the diffusion of innovations framework to develop promotional, pricing, and distribution strategies for its computer notebooks targeted to the following adopter categories? a. Innovators b. Early adopters c. Early majority d. Late majority e. Laggards * In term of the nature, there are five major types of innovations: novelty, competence shifting, complexity, robust design and continuous improvement. While in term of the extent of change, innovations can be divided into incremental, radical and transformational models. Innovation deals with the change related to product, service and process, and the innovation management involve people, product, process and technology† * diffusion is defined as a process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system * innovation as â€Å"an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as â€Å"new† by an individual or other unit of adoption. * company will usually sell the hardware at a relatively lower price to capture a share of the market, and then charge relatively higher prices for the software to maximize profitability * Based upon the time variable, individuals seeking new innovations are placed into adopter categories, according to the rate of adoption. Rate of adoption is the â€Å"relative speed with which an innovation is adopted by members of a social syste m. † * the rate of adoption is the relative speed in which members of society adopt an innovation. It is usually measured as the number of people who adopt an innovation within a specified time-line. Some companies have a defensive strategy and aim to follow the leader. Such companies hope to profit from the mistakes of the first-to-market company by devising incremental design and performance improvements and cost reductions compared with the original product. In addition they hope to exploit the new market that has started to grow, so timing is important. * But it was the major Japanese companies (such as Sony, JVC, Toshiba) that captured a large share of the mass market through reducing the cost of these devices and improving their performance. (a) Innovators: Venturesome [1st group to adopt] Rogers describes innovators as obsessed with being venturesome. They have an interest in new ideas and innovation and have generally very cosmopolitan type social relationships. Innovators generally have communication patterns and friendships among a certain clique of innovators even though their geographic distance between each other may be very significant. Innovators must be very financially secure in order to absorb a possible loss from an innovation that doesn’t turn into fruition. Likewise, an innovator must have a sound educational background, in order to comprehend a complex technical terminology. Furthermore, an innovator must be able to cope with a degree of uncertainty whether the innovation will be adopted by society. Ultimately, Rogers believes the innovator takes risks in being the gatekeeper of innovations, but if the innovation is adopted the rewards are high. Early Adopters: Respect [2nd group to adopt] more integrated in the local society than the innovator. Where an innovator is considered a cosmopolite, an early adopter is a localite. Early adopters have the greatest degree of leadership in most localities. Most potential adopters look to the early adopter for advice and information regarding an innovation. Generally, early adopters are respected and considered successful by their peers. The early adopter is the main group that decreases uncertainty of an innovation by adopting it, and then communicating with potential adopters about the idea. Early Majority: Deliberate [3rd group to adopt] Rogers suggest that the early majority group adopts new innovations just before the average member of society. Members of the early majority frequently interact with people in their society, but usually do not hold key positions of leadership. The early majority is the largest group and make up approximately one-third of members in a society. The early majority follows with deliberate willingness to adopt an idea, but are rarely leaders. Late Majority: Skeptical [4th group to adopt] Rogers states that the members of the late majority adopt innovations just after the average member of society. The late majority also makes up approximately one-third of members in a social system. Members of the late majority are cautious and skeptical about new innovations. Most of the uncertainty surrounding an innovation must be removed before the late majority will adopt the new idea. Laggards: Traditional [last group to adopt] Laggards are the last group in society to adopt a new idea. Generally, they possess almost no positions of leadership within their community. Laggards’ point of reference is the past, they are very cautious and only make decisions based on what has already been done. Usually, laggards’ educational and financial resources are limited, forcing them to be completely certain the innovation will not fail before they adopt. These are the traditional categories of society members with respect to the adoption of new ideas and innovations. The diffusion of innovations follows a common life cycle. 82 However, the period over which this trend occurs varies greatly due to a number of factors. 183 By the end of the 20th century many of the following innovations were adopted by society at a much greater rate. 184 For example, the PC, Internet, and cell phone, which are all relatively new products, have steeper gradients when compared to automobiles, electricity and traditional teleph ones. Price is one of the most important factors involved in adoption of consumer products. This pricing policy pattern can be used to predict the rate of adoption of new innovations. When it comes to consumers’ rate of adoption to innovations, new technologies succeed at a faster rate than replacement technologies. An early adopting individual may decide to adopt in anticipation that the innovation’s rate of adoption will take off in the near future when others adopt, although past diffusion research suggest that most individuals do not adopt an innovation until after learning of their peers’ successful experiences. † The diffusion of an innovation among the consumers can usually be presented by an s-shaped curve. On a frequency basis the adoption over time will normally follow a bell-shaped curve, but when plotted on a cumulative basis the adoption will form an scurve. 9 The s-curve reflects the acceleration of the adoption. At the early stage the curve is rising slowly meaning relatively few adopters pr. time-period (x-axis). At about the middle of the adoption period the acceleration peaks and then fades as the percentage of adopters goes up. This course of events is typical for the adoption of new technologies. The logic behind this diffusion lies in the actual number of adopters. The early adopters will be a majority compared to the people who have not yet adopted the technology and therefore there are less people to preach the virtues of the new technology to potential adopters. At the point where the adoption process reaches 50 % the number of adopters equals the number of potential adopters, by definition, thus providing maximal acceleration of the adoption. In the last period, adopters outnumber the people who has not yet adopted, and there will be less people to convince to adopt the technology – slowing down the acceleration of the adoption process. The adopters are often divided into adoption groups. These groups are usually formed on the basis of innovativeness, meaning to which degree each individual is willing adopt new technologies, relative to other members of the social system. From this measure individuals can be placed into groups containing a certain range of innovativeness. The distribution is based on a mean and to which degree individuals’ deviate from the mean (standard deviation). Innovators are the first group of adopters and can be associated with the word venturesome. The individuals representing this group are adventurous and often related to entrepreneurial environments. The innovators run the risk that the innovation does not catch on, and thus subject themselves to a potential loss they must be prepared to absorb. Therefore innovators have to live with the uncertainty about the potentials of the technology, which can be viewed upon as the price to pay for being pioneers in a new field – catalyzing the diffusion of new technologies. The early adopters are ready to adopt a new technology when they observe that other individuals has started adopting, and sees the potential for being some of the first adopters of a new and promising technology. These individuals are often a more integrated part of the local society than the innovators, and their adoptions are crucial for the technology to take off and get hold of the broad public. For the early adopters the uncertainties about the merits of the new technology are strongly diminished, and can therefore adopt the new technology without running the risk of buying a young and untested technology. This group accounts for about one third of the total number of adopters, and provide the link between the progressive early adopters and the more skeptical later adopters. In the latter half of the spectrum the late majority also represent about a third of the adopters. This group is skeptical to new innovations, and is not willing to adopt, until a lot of other people have adopted before them ensuring the success of the technology and possibly massive network effects. The last 16 % of the adopters, the laggards, often focus on traditional values and base their decisions on past events. They are suspicious of any new inventions to change the way life are traditionally lived, and must be 100 % certain that the technology will prevail before they are willing to adopt. From a consumers’ point of view it is essential to think about the decisions of future adopters when choosing what technology to go with. The decisions of previous adopters are on the other hand a know factor and plays a role for the decision also. So does the structure of the market, i. e. which technologies are available at the time of adoption, compared to potential superior technologies that could be available in the future. Recent findings indicate that there is a lack of willingness to wait by the early adopters. 11 This high priority of being among the very first users of a new technology is said to inflict negative externalities on the later adopters. These later adopters can be forced to adopt an inferior technology to make sure that they are compatible with the technologies of the early adopters, or they might be forced to give up compatibility to get a superior technology. That said the diffusion of new technologies is often strongly dependent on the choices of the early adopters. How to cite Cb Prepartions, Essay examples

Internationalisation Implications for Joint Ventures in Saudi Arabia

Introduction There are numerous dimensions of the globalization process that are presented in various forms, processes, and interconnectedness. Such diversity, multidimensionality, and complexity become clear when considering the concept of culture (Hopper, 2007, p. 2). Indeed, the globalization process cannot stand aside cultures; rather, its formation directly relates to them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Internationalisation Implications for Joint Ventures in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time, different cultures remain immune to the affects of globalization. However, the relation between culture and globalization can become even more complicated when both aspects are involved in the international business relationship. Specific concerns with culture and internationalism are closely connected with the creation of joint ventures in Saudi Arabia, the leading producer of oi l in the world. Being the dominating form of international business, the existing joint ventures in Saudi Arabia are primarily predetermined by cultural and ethical considerations from both foreign investors and the Arab business families. It should also be admitted that internationalisation process has allowed the Middle East to ascertain its position on the global arena and receive an access to Western technologies and innovations (Mababaya, 2003a, p. 157). However, the world community in its turn should find a compromise and specific cultural approaches to understanding the Saudi culture, which is essential for further fruitful cooperation. They should not omit the fact that cultural environment in Saudi Arabia is also important for other cultures because its strong economy strongly influences the world market and integration processes. Hence, the importance of integrating culture into the international business is really enormous and, therefore, multinational companies should re concile cultural diversity and gain a tangible competitive advantage. Research background Before the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia, the country did not have impressive levels of production and the major focus in business was made on trading (Katz, 2007). A well-developed commercial culture has a considerable effect of further business operations in the Kingdom which influence the creation of future strategies, values, and approaches to carrying out business and to organizing joint ventures in cooperation with foreign investors (Mababaya, 2003b, p. 38). One way or another, an in-depth research on cultural implications for joint ventures in Saudi Arabia has revealed that Eastern and Western world have a number of differences in conducting business that are primarily predetermined by existing discrepancies in mentality and traditions (Moran et al, 2007; Rao, 2001; Adecolar and Sergi, 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aside from cultural discrepancies, the process of internalization has led to mutual interaction of the cultures engaged into business relations. This particularly concerned the relations of Saudi Arabia with the United States and Great Britain where the Westernization process has inevitably penetrated to the Islam world and, vice versa, commitment to customs and traditions and extreme feeling of justice and loyalty has been introduced to the globe community (Fenn, 1994). Therefore, an urgent need occurred for more consistent information on identifying the importance of cultural environment and its contribution to organizational and managerial strategies and approaches to a decision-making process. Aside from exogenous influences of the internationalisation process, the Middle East world also plays an important role in structuring the stages of integration through the introduction of their custom, traditions, and moral codes o f conduct. Ramady (2010) and Aulakh and Schetchter (2000) also believe that Saudi culture has provided shifts in the Westernized world community highlighting the strengths of negotiating international business. However, a rigid opposition to alien cultures result in emergence of conflicts and performance problems that are analyzed in the context of Saudi – U.S. and Saudi – U.K. joint projects (Yavas, Eroglu, and Eroglu, 1994, p. 62). The problem is that cultural concerns are more complicated in joint ventures organized in countries with less developed economy (Yavas, Eroglu, and Eroglu, 1994, p. 62). While investigating the research problems, many concerns are connected with religions issues in their role in cooperation and trading in Saudi Arabia. All business operations and joint projects are initially predetermined on conservative and ideological approaches to constructing relations. The point is that older representatives of the Saudi society strictly observes soci al and moral codes of conduct and discourages to presence of women at business meetings. However, younger generations have difference outlook on cultural issues. Adherence to traditions and extreme feeling of justice has also been researched by Mead and Andrews (2009) how have attached importance to religion and cultural in global cooperation with foreign partners, which also explains their hostility to the process of Westernizations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Internationalisation Implications for Joint Ventures in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Viewing this problem objectively, their apposition to other cultures should be considered as aspiration to preserve the purity and originality of their culture. At the same time, just as they strive to preserve their identity, Arab society also express respect for other cultures and considers the concept of cross-cultural communication with great tolerance and diligence. Finally, the analysis of cultural implications also involves the necessity to distinguish between such notions as universal culture and national cultures to understand the cultural implications for joint ventures in Saudi Arabia. In this respect, Rosenhauer (2009) investigates the concept of universal business culture. In particular, the researcher states that â€Å"individuals in an international environment develop an international business culture in addition to their national culture or even could ‘lose’ their cultural identity by replacing it through a universal interculture† (Rosenhaurer, 2009, p. 48). The same view on global culture is hold by Martin and Chaney (2006) that assign importance to this definition. Importance of Research Taking into consideration the rapidness of integration processes, one cannot ignore cultural variability as the core for establishing successful cooperation between different economies, particular ly those of the Eastern and Western world (Mababaya, 2003b, p. 121). Cultural values are essential for a fruitful continuation of international projects in Saudi Arabia are not an exception. Therefore, the research under consideration is really significant for multinational firms because it can greatly contribute to working out more effective and consistent strategies for cultural organizations of company’s structures and better awareness of business ethics within a cross-cultural context. In addition, a deeper consideration of cultural concerns can also assist in managing conflicts on the basis of cultural hostility. Research Question The process of internalization allows multinational ventures to gain experience and accumulate specific skills and assets that are acquired via cultural communication. In this regard, the creation of joint ventures in Saudi Arabia has caused cross cultural interaction and communication, which is a very challenging and difficult process. In spit e of the fact that both foreign partners and Saudi business agents gain valuable experience while cooperating, it still creates a lot of problems for reconciling the frictions between cultures.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Objectives Considering internationalism as an exogenous factor affecting cultures and national competitive advantage, the case of joint ventures in Saudi Arabia should carefully tackled from the viewpoint of competitiveness and cultural reconciliation. To begin with, it is necessary to recognize a tangible role of culture in building international relations and constructing multinational organizations. Second, it is necessary to define the mutual dependence between the globalization and culture through integration processes in the sphere of production, marketing, and selling. Third, it is vital to identify the cultural affect on the leading joint venture in Saudi Arabia on the part of the global community. Finally, once the influence has been identified, it is also paramount to define how Eastern culture has contributed to the improvement of organizational and managerial strategies of business conduct. All these objectives can be defined more clearly in this research propos al when analyzing Saudi joint ventures with other leading agents in the world, such as the United States and Great Britain. Research Methodology Due to the fact that trust, decision-making, and cultural are key components of successful joint ventures in Saudi Arabia, this research proposal seeks to identify the strategies that can be inherited and accepted in the world community. In this regard, several steps should be taken to investigate these issues and to find out major approaches to cultural globalization through the identification of the nature of this process. With regard to the above-presented research questions and research objectives, this research proposal implies to use a mixed method to analyzing the problem. In order to analyze the importance of culture and cultures in constructing business international relations and organizing multinational companies, it is necessary to analyze all existing international strategies in conducting business. Using qualitative approach i n understanding human behavior within social and cultural context, it is purposeful to collect theories and methods related to the study of internationalisation process and its effect on cultures. In order to analyze the influence of integration process on Saudi Arabia, it is planned to carry out an empirical research on the biggest international companies in the Kingdom, such as SABIC, ARAMCO, and many others (Mababaya, 2003b, p. 39). When studying their organizational goals and missions, it is possible to attain them to existing international strategies. This will allow to discover whether these strategies have been subjected to Westernization. Through synthesizing theoretical and empirical data, it will be possible to outline the major strategies used by Saudi ventures and the degree to which they conform to international standards. Hence, SABIC’ mission is narrowed to provision of high quality goods and services via learning, innovation, and operations excellent while sus taining value for the company’s foreign investors (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, 2010). Judging from the case, the company is more attained to a broad-based differentiation strategy where the priority is given to presenting unique features of product and service instead of introducing pricing policy (Grunig, 2010, p. 227). In order to identify the connection between globalization and culture at various stages of international business, it is necessary to analyze production, marketing, and selling process of a joint venture located in Saudi Arabia and the one located in the country with alien culture. For example, investigating the organizational and human resources management in Saudi’s companies, such as SABIC, a greater accent is made person-oriented approaches where managers strive to work out efficient methods to fact cultural diversity (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, 2010). It should be stressed that a major focus of investigation organization strategie s and cultural diversity issues should be made on analyzing the role of Saudi women in doing business internationally. A qualitative and quantitative research can reveal a solid underpinning for discussing differences of local cultures in a globalized community. According to Onkvisit and Shaw (2008), â€Å"almost 80 percent of Saudi purchases of luxury watches are men, and about 20 percent are women† (p. 504). Gender aspect in business relations will also be crucial in defining the differences between cultures. At the same time, this aspect also unveils problems for Saudi business families to conduct business at the international level. While examining cultural effect on the leading joint ventures in Saudi Arabia, it is purposeful to utilize the data obtained from the literature review via synthesizing the pertinent information and making relevant assumptions. In particular, it is possible to analyze cross-cultural barriers occurred between British multinational companies and Saudi organizations that plan to create a joint project. This research aspect can be investigated with the help of literature and statistic search, interviews and questionnaires, being the basis of a qualitative research (Silverman, 2004). In order to define the extent of cultural changes contributed by Saudi managers to the globe community, it will be appropriate to work out a qualitative model in accordance to which it will be easy to identify the basic characteristics of each culture and what contribution it made to international business relations. In this regard, the first step it is necessary to review the literature that analyzes the major cultural features of the Arab world, including mentality, behavior, and human psychology. The second step will be searching for evidence that culture itself is the main condition for building successful joint ventures. Judging from the researches, many Saudi ventures’ strategies impose much changes to their foreign partners. In part icular, they prove that trust and respect should be a priority in conducting business (Mababaya, 2003a, p. 122). In addition, empirical studies of particular joint ventures in Saudi Arabia, the analysis of ARAMCO for instance, can reveal other useful features and strategies applied in the country. What is more important, although Saudi community has respect for its culture and traditions, it willingly introduces approaches borrowed from international business strategies. For instance, in order to attract more buyers of its product, ARAMCO has launched a number of environmental programs for meeting the global concerns about the world’s ecological situation (Saudi Arabian Oil Co, 2011). Finally, once the major Saudi joint ventures have been analyzed from the cultural viewpoint, it is imperative to define the major variables within a cross-cultural context. In this matter, the research proposal can be focused on comparing mission and goals of two leading Saudi companies acting a s world’s producers. In particular, it is necessary to identify the key aspects of their successful exploration to the market, including the analysis of their missions, production process, and approaches to technology and innovation introductions. Such an analysis should also reveal discrepancies and strategies that have been borrowed from the Western companies and the one that have been assimilated from Saudi joint ventures. In general, most of methodologies used in the research proposal should be based on empirical information about the Saudi joint ventures and theoretical approaches used to identify cultural shifts in international communication. The implementation of qualitative methods is considered to be the most appropriate ones in examining the internationalisation and cultural implication for joint ventures in Saudi Arabia. All stages of research proposal are based on date collection where the primary focus is made cultural effect of the internalisation on Saudi join t projects. In particular, the research included the study of cultural peculiarities of conducting business in Saudi Arabia, influence of internatiolisation on joint ventures, and contributions of the Arab world to the organizational management. Scope and Limitations The research program at issues is designed to analyze the organizational culture of existing joint ventures in Saudi Arabia and how they are affected by the process of globalization. The creation of Saudi joint ventures also implies the influence of the Westernization process which is the leading one in cultural interaction and communication. In addition, the scope of this research also involves the study of methods and strategies that foreign partners address when cooperating with their Saudi managers. The problem of the research also covers the problem of reconciling two different cultures and religions in analyzing the priorities existing in two oppose worlds. Data collection and qualitative analysis of information c annot be considered to be reliable in terms of objectivity and validity of the presented researches because most of the assumptions concerning cultural peculiarities of Saudi society are based on personal observations. Therefore, the presented stereotypes are generalized images about the Arab world. This limitation becomes especially tangible when it comes to younger generations of Saudi people whose views on conducing business are more democratized. Another limitation to the research proposal lies in insufficient attention to economic factors influencing cross-cultural communication. Cross-cultural communication can be hampered by ignorance of social and economic realities presented the country. In this regard, it is necessary to consider in more detail the concept of regional cultures and universal culture. Theses notions should be defined because the connection between globalization and culture. Considering these notions, the concept of universal business culture can be perceived as â€Å"set of principle for organizing modern institutions† (Hopper, 2007, p. 91). Judging from this interpretation, global culture is oriented on constant progress and advancement whereas national culture is more focused on sustaining traditions and conservative methods. In general, the presented limitations will not present this research proposal from being accurately conducted. Conclusion Considering and analyzing the information obtained in the course research, it should be stressed that cultural aspect plays an important role in international business relations. This specifically concerns cultural implications for joint ventures in Saudi Arabia, which is the result of the internalisation process. The point is that integration activities enable multinational ventures to acquire experience and gain specific skills for coping with cross-cultural context. The formation of joint project in the Middle East has caused much interaction and cultural frictions, primarily becaus e of rigid difference between the Western and Eastern cultures. Such a challenging situation makes both foreign partners and Saudi business families adjust to changes quickly to achieve high results in business. However, in this research proposal we seek to define that those differences can greatly contribute to the creation of an advanced model of business management and improve the existing approach to decision-making that will be more oriented on trust, loyalty, and culture. Moreover, the young generation of the Arab world is less resistible to the occurred changes, which also enables to create globalized and integrated society. Reference List Adekola, A. amd Sergi, B. (2007). Global business management: a cross-cultural perspective. US: Ashgate Publishing. Ltd. Aulakh, P. S., and Schetchter, M. G. (2000). 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Joint Ventures. Journal of International Marketing. 2(3), pp. 61-82. This research paper on Internationalisation Implications for Joint Ventures in Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user Wayne L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.